MPs will first be vetted by a pro-Beijing committee

China has passed sweeping changes to Hong Kong's electoral rules which will tighten its control over the city.

The number of directly elected seats in parliament has been cut almost by half, and prospective MPs will first be vetted by a pro-Beijing committee to ensure their loyalty to the mainland.

The aim is to ensure only "patriotic" figures can run for positions of power.

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Critics warn it will mean the end of democracy, as it removes all opposition from the city parliament.

Beijing's rubber-stamp parliament first approved the plan during the National People's Congress (NPC) meetings earlier in March.

On Tuesday, Chinese state media reported that the country's top decision-making body, the NPC Standing Committee, voted unanimously to pass it. This amends the annexes of Hong Kong's mini-constitution, the Basic Law.

Details of the plan are expected to be announced shortly, and Hong Kong's leader Carrie Lam is due to hold a press conference.

All opposition to the Chinese Communist Party has effectively been obliterated from formal politics in Hong Kong.

When these changes were announced a few weeks ago, they drew criticism internationally.

On Twitter, Australia's Foreign Minister Marise Payne spoke of her country's concern that the new arrangements in the territory would "weaken its democratic institutions". That was being kind.

The US Secretary of State, Antony Blinken, described the moves as an "assault on democracy".

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The truth is, the city's electoral system was already rigged to ensure that the "pro-Beijing" camp could never lose control of the mini-parliament, the Legislative Council.

Its leader, the chief executive, was already directly chosen by a pro-Beijing committee.

The last time the only real elections in Hong Kong were held - those for local governments - the pro-democracy camp took control of all but one district council right across the city.

This clearly spooked Beijing so now they've stopped pro-democracy candidates from standing at all.

Presentational grey line
What are the changes, and what do they mean for Hong Kong?
Media reports have indicated that Hong Kong's parliamentary Legislative Council (LegCo) will be changed, effectively making it easier to bar politicians deemed critical of Beijing.

All prospective candidates will be vetted, and the influence of democratically-elected members in LegCo is likely to be diluted.

The changes come months after several opposition lawmakers were disqualified, which led to the entire opposition in LegCo resigning.

If a future veto keeps critics out of LegCo, such public embarrassments would be much less likely.

Several local elections are coming up in 2021, although it's not clear yet when the reforms would take effect.

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What's the background?
Britain handed back Hong Kong to China in 1997, and the Basic Law was created under the handover agreement under the "one country, two systems" principle.

This essentially gives Hong Kong more freedoms than the mainland, freedoms which are supposed to remain intact until 2047.

After years of pro-democracy protests, fresh demonstrations in 2019 escalated into waves of violence between activists and police - and major gains for the opposition in local elections.

In 2020, Beijing then passed a controversial national security law, also adding it to a Basic Law annex, which essentially reduced Hong Kong's judicial autonomy and made it easier to punish demonstrators.

Since then, a string of critics have been arrested under the law, which carries life in prison as a maximum sentence.

Critics have alleged that with these moves to assert more control over Hong Kong, China is undermining the "one country, two systems" principle, but Beijing denies this.

For example, there is controversy over whether the "patriot" electoral reforms change the Basic Law and violate the handover agreement.

While Hong Kong's pro-Beijing camp says the changes do not have an impact on the mini-constitution, as only its annexes are being amended, the pro-democracy side insists they do.

"Technically, it's not a change to the Basic Law," Ian Chong, politics professor at the National University of Singapore, told the BBC.

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"But in terms of [affecting] the spirit of having competitive elections and moving towards universal suffrage, it would be.

In its latest move to tighten control over Hong Kong, China is pushing for a controversial "patriot" plan to reform the city's elections.

Beijing says the goal is to keep "unpatriotic" figures from positions of political power in Hong Kong.

But critics warn it would mean the end of democracy in Hong Kong, eradicating whatever opposition there is left.

What's the background?
Hong Kong used to be under British control, but was handed back to China in 1997 under a "one country, two systems" principle.

This was meant to protect certain freedoms for Hong Kong, which no other part of mainland China has: freedom of assembly and speech, an independent judiciary, and some democratic rights.

These freedoms are enshrined in Hong Kong's mini-constitution, the Basic Law, which was meant to last until 2047.

On 11 March, the "patriots governing Hong Kong" resolution was passed at the National People's Congress (NPC), paving the way for Beijing to amend annexes of the Basic Law.

on 30 March, the resolution passed the NPC's Standing Committee and could be enacted in Hong Kong within weeks.

How will it work?
Candidates for Hong Kong's parliament, the Legislative Council (LegCo) are to be nominated by the Election Committee, a powerful body which until now only elected the city's most senior official, the Chief Executive. This Election Committee, which is heavily pro-Beijing, will be expanded by 300 members from 1,200 to 1,500.

Any prospective MP, member of the Election Committee or candidate for Chief Executive will be vetted by a separate screening committee, making it easy to bar anyone deemed as being critical of Beijing.

There will also be changes to LegCo itself, diluting the influence of directly elected MPs.

While overall seats will increase from 70 to 90, the number of directly elected representatives will fall from 35 to 20.

Forty seats will go to MPs chosen by the Election Committee while 30 will be given to MPs elected by special interests such as business, banking and trade, which historically are also pro-Beijing.

Why is it being enacted?
The move appears to be a continuation of China's plan to tighten control over Hong Kong, following recent developments.

Huge pro-democracy protests took place in 2019, some of which turned violent. Later that year, pro-democracy groups made huge gains in local district council elections.

Since then, Beijing has passed a controversial national security law, which effectively reduces Hong Kong's autonomy and made it easier to punish demonstrators. Dozens of people have since been arrested under this law.