How Air Conditioner Modes Work: Cool, Heat, Dehumidify and More

Severe winter frosts were left behind, and with them the last heat from the heating batteries of the apartments went away. But cool spring nights still make themselves felt, and at these moments you always want to turn up the heat. There is a way out - turn on the air conditioner. It not only cools, but also dries, ventilates, ionizes, warms and even helps to fall asleep. How? Explaining.

Air conditioning is a definition for a climate system that we don't always understand correctly. The word "air conditioner" is usually associated with African summer heat and a rattling box in the window. Or washing powder. But a room air conditioner is not only a "cooler", but a means for ventilating and restoring air. The climate system can heat, dry, humidify, filter and even ionize the air - all in one bottle.

Cooling

Air cooling in a split system occurs due to a phase change. To understand it the first time, we will omit the complex technical details and explain it on the fingers. And literally.

Heat water to 37-38 ° C, wet a rag and run it over the back of your hand - warm? Now blow on this place - cool? Wipe dry and compare the temperature of one hand with the other. Water, even heated above body temperature, cooled the skin and this is not magic, but a law of nature. Evaporating into the atmosphere, water takes with it a part of the thermal radiation from the surface. This is how the standard human cooling system works - overheating, the body gets rid of surface heating along with evaporating sweat.

A similar system works in an air conditioner, only an inert gas is used instead of sweat, and heat is taken from the room air. To start this process, the compressor compresses freon in a closed system to 20-25 atmospheres, thereby heating it to 80-90 ° C. After that, in a compressed state, the gas is supplied to the external evaporator (street unit), cooled and transferred to a part of the indoor unit. Then the highly compressed gas encounters an obstacle in the form of a capillary choke - a copper tube with a very small diameter, when passing through which the freon turns into gas again and begins to actively remove heat from the internal heat exchanger. As a result, the radiator quickly removes heat from the room air and transfers it to freon. This process is repeated until the air conditioner cools the indoor air to the set temperature

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In standard cooling mode, the air conditioner mixes room air within the indoor unit. As a result of the ingress of warm air onto the cooled fins of the radiator, condensation occurs - the concentration of moisture from the air. This effect can be obtained if you breathe on the glass - first it will fog up, and then the moisture will form into drops. The strength of the effect depends on the temperature difference, humidity level and atmospheric pressure. 

To avoid hypothermia of the air, but get rid of dampness, you have to use the dehumidification mode. The principle of operation is identical to the standard operation of the air conditioner at the minimum temperature, but instead of stirring the air at a high speed, the air conditioner reduces the fan speed and operates on low level flight. In this mode, the radiator does not have time to quickly give cold to the passing stream, but effectively condenses moisture. This is how the basic "dryer" works.

Nevertheless, the air is cooled and this cannot be called complete dehumidification. Imagine this situation: summer, outside the window +28 ° C, and a heavy downpour has just passed. It's hot, stuffy, and the humidity just rolls over. We turn on the air conditioner in the drying mode and forward - it dries and refreshes at the same time. But what if it's autumn outside, high humidity, and the ambient temperature is no longer under thirty, but only + 10-15 ° C? I would like not only to get rid of moisture in the room, but also to keep warm. For this, modern systems use a hybrid radiator and a special valve that regulates the freon pressure in the condenser of the indoor unit and divides it into two parts. Half of the radiator continues to cool and dry the air, while the other half heats up to maintain temperature balance.

Fan and filtration

In this mode, the split system ceases to be an air conditioner and turns into a regular fan . The user with the remote control only has a couple of commands - blow faster and direct the stream to the ceiling. Yet this system is different from the classic floor fan .

The air in the room can be compared to a puff pastry - it is hot at the top, warm in the middle, cold at the bottom. And, if in winter the heating works in the room, the radiators of which contribute to mixing, then in the off-season this process is suspended. Then it becomes unbearably hot in a bright room with several windows, and in the bathroom the air does not have time to warm up to a comfortable temperature. To equalize the temperature throughout the house, you can quickly run through the rooms, waving your arms or use the air conditioner.

The fan in the split system easily mixes the layers: the heated air rises to the ceiling, enters the air intake of the climate system and is forcibly pushed out by the turbine blades in the direction specified by the curtains - to where the person is. In addition, even the most budget model of the air conditioner has a filtration system - for simpler models it is a mesh nylon filter that traps large fractions of dusty suspension. This is enough to make the air cleaner and healthier for breathing.

Advanced systems support several levels of filtration at once: photocatalytic, electrostatic and absorption HEPA filters (like in a vacuum cleaner ), carbon cartridges and tea tree leaf filters. And also filters with vitamin C and an ionization system - it charges the air with negative ions. Increasingly, in modern models of climatic systems, one can find enzyme and antibacterial filters - they purify the air from allergens and harmful particles, kill microbes and viruses. Hardly anyone after this will want to turn on the floor "Carlson".